Evaluation of the Title of Jane Austens Pride and...

Evaluation of the Title of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice In Pride and Prejudice, some of the characters are distinctly associated with Pride and/or Prejudice. The definition for Pride is: those who have an excessively high opinion of themselves, while those who are believed to be prejudice prejudge people without a sufficient reason. These two themes are prominent throughout the book and are displayed through a variety of characters, including the two lovers, Elizabeth and Darcy. Darcys pride is displayed right at the beginning of the book, when he refuses to dance with Elizabeth, as she is only tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Unlike his friend Mr Bingley, Darcy†¦show more content†¦However, despite her relatively low connections, Elizabeth refuses him, even after Mr Collins points out that she cannot be certain that another marriage proposal will ever be made to her. Mr Collins also shows characteristic of pride. Examples of this include his proposal to Elizabeth. From the start of his speech on his declaration of love for Elizabeth he is completely confident that she will accept him immediately His response to her refusal is simply that it is usual with young ladies to reject the address of the man whom they secretly mean to accept. He also assures her how he expects no financial income from her: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.and that one thousand pounds in the 4 per cents which will not be yours till after your Mothers decease, is that all you may be entitled to. He later explains to her again why he is such a good choice for her as a husband. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..my situation in life, my connections with the family of Lady De Bourgh, and my relationship to your own, are circumstances highly in my favourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. His pride is expressed even further when he comments on her wealth for the last time: Your portion is unhappily so small that it will in all likelihood undo the effects of your loveliness and amiable qualifications. Another example of his pride is in a letter to Mr Bennett about Lydias disgrace. He cruelly suggestsShow MoreRelatedSocial Norms in Jane Austen ´s Pride and Prejudice1183 Words   |  5 PagesAusten’s Pride and Prejudice is well noted for its ability to question social norms. Most importantly, Austen explores the institution of marriage, as it was in her time, a time where many married for security rather than love. Her characters Elizabeth and Charlotte are renowned even more for their outspoken nature and different views on marriage. Though both Elizabeth and Charlotte yearn for a happy marriage, Charlotte has a more pragmatic and mundane approach while Elizabeth is more romantic andRead MoreReading Like A Writer By Francine Prose880 Words   |  4 PagesBlue Angel (2000); a finalist a for the National Book Award, and A Changed Man (2005) that had won the Dayton Literary Peace Prize. She has also recently written an acclaimed nonfiction Anne Frank: The Book, The Life, The Afterlife. Summary As the title already discloses Reading Like A Writer is, â€Å"A Guide for People Who Love Books and for Those Who Want to Write Them. In the first chapter, Prose already addresses the central hypothesis of the book - to be become a good writer, you must be a good readerRead MoreLiterary Devices in Pride and Prejudice8198 Words   |  33 PagesBishkek Humanities University named after K. Karasaev The Faculty of European Civilizations The English Language Department â€Å"Peculiarities of the Lexical Stylistic devices (Metaphor, metonymy, irony, simile, epithet) in the novel â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† by Jane Austen† DIPLOMA PAPER Scientific Supervisor: E. B. Jumakeeva Done by: Satarova Rahat, group: A08-2 Contents: Pages: Introduction

Evaluation of the Title of Jane Austens Pride and...

Evaluation of the Title of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice In Pride and Prejudice, some of the characters are distinctly associated with Pride and/or Prejudice. The definition for Pride is: those who have an excessively high opinion of themselves, while those who are believed to be prejudice prejudge people without a sufficient reason. These two themes are prominent throughout the book and are displayed through a variety of characters, including the two lovers, Elizabeth and Darcy. Darcys pride is displayed right at the beginning of the book, when he refuses to dance with Elizabeth, as she is only tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Unlike his friend Mr Bingley, Darcy†¦show more content†¦However, despite her relatively low connections, Elizabeth refuses him, even after Mr Collins points out that she cannot be certain that another marriage proposal will ever be made to her. Mr Collins also shows characteristic of pride. Examples of this include his proposal to Elizabeth. From the start of his speech on his declaration of love for Elizabeth he is completely confident that she will accept him immediately His response to her refusal is simply that it is usual with young ladies to reject the address of the man whom they secretly mean to accept. He also assures her how he expects no financial income from her: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.and that one thousand pounds in the 4 per cents which will not be yours till after your Mothers decease, is that all you may be entitled to. He later explains to her again why he is such a good choice for her as a husband. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..my situation in life, my connections with the family of Lady De Bourgh, and my relationship to your own, are circumstances highly in my favourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. His pride is expressed even further when he comments on her wealth for the last time: Your portion is unhappily so small that it will in all likelihood undo the effects of your loveliness and amiable qualifications. Another example of his pride is in a letter to Mr Bennett about Lydias disgrace. He cruelly suggestsShow MoreRelatedSocial Norms in Jane Austen ´s Pride and Prejudice1183 Words   |  5 PagesAusten’s Pride and Prejudice is well noted for its ability to question social norms. Most importantly, Austen explores the institution of marriage, as it was in her time, a time where many married for security rather than love. Her characters Elizabeth and Charlotte are renowned even more for their outspoken nature and different views on marriage. Though both Elizabeth and Charlotte yearn for a happy marriage, Charlotte has a more pragmatic and mundane approach while Elizabeth is more romantic andRead MoreReading Like A Writer By Francine Prose880 Words   |  4 PagesBlue Angel (2000); a finalist a for the National Book Award, and A Changed Man (2005) that had won the Dayton Literary Peace Prize. She has also recently written an acclaimed nonfiction Anne Frank: The Book, The Life, The Afterlife. Summary As the title already discloses Reading Like A Writer is, â€Å"A Guide for People Who Love Books and for Those Who Want to Write Them. In the first chapter, Prose already addresses the central hypothesis of the book - to be become a good writer, you must be a good readerRead MoreLiterary Devices in Pride and Prejudice8198 Words   |  33 PagesBishkek Humanities University named after K. Karasaev The Faculty of European Civilizations The English Language Department â€Å"Peculiarities of the Lexical Stylistic devices (Metaphor, metonymy, irony, simile, epithet) in the novel â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† by Jane Austen† DIPLOMA PAPER Scientific Supervisor: E. B. Jumakeeva Done by: Satarova Rahat, group: A08-2 Contents: Pages: Introduction

Evaluation of the Title of Jane Austens Pride and...

Evaluation of the Title of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice In Pride and Prejudice, some of the characters are distinctly associated with Pride and/or Prejudice. The definition for Pride is: those who have an excessively high opinion of themselves, while those who are believed to be prejudice prejudge people without a sufficient reason. These two themes are prominent throughout the book and are displayed through a variety of characters, including the two lovers, Elizabeth and Darcy. Darcys pride is displayed right at the beginning of the book, when he refuses to dance with Elizabeth, as she is only tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Unlike his friend Mr Bingley, Darcy†¦show more content†¦However, despite her relatively low connections, Elizabeth refuses him, even after Mr Collins points out that she cannot be certain that another marriage proposal will ever be made to her. Mr Collins also shows characteristic of pride. Examples of this include his proposal to Elizabeth. From the start of his speech on his declaration of love for Elizabeth he is completely confident that she will accept him immediately His response to her refusal is simply that it is usual with young ladies to reject the address of the man whom they secretly mean to accept. He also assures her how he expects no financial income from her: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.and that one thousand pounds in the 4 per cents which will not be yours till after your Mothers decease, is that all you may be entitled to. He later explains to her again why he is such a good choice for her as a husband. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..my situation in life, my connections with the family of Lady De Bourgh, and my relationship to your own, are circumstances highly in my favourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. His pride is expressed even further when he comments on her wealth for the last time: Your portion is unhappily so small that it will in all likelihood undo the effects of your loveliness and amiable qualifications. Another example of his pride is in a letter to Mr Bennett about Lydias disgrace. He cruelly suggestsShow MoreRelatedSocial Norms in Jane Austen ´s Pride and Prejudice1183 Words   |  5 PagesAusten’s Pride and Prejudice is well noted for its ability to question social norms. Most importantly, Austen explores the institution of marriage, as it was in her time, a time where many married for security rather than love. Her characters Elizabeth and Charlotte are renowned even more for their outspoken nature and different views on marriage. Though both Elizabeth and Charlotte yearn for a happy marriage, Charlotte has a more pragmatic and mundane approach while Elizabeth is more romantic andRead MoreReading Like A Writer By Francine Prose880 Words   |  4 PagesBlue Angel (2000); a finalist a for the National Book Award, and A Changed Man (2005) that had won the Dayton Literary Peace Prize. She has also recently written an acclaimed nonfiction Anne Frank: The Book, The Life, The Afterlife. Summary As the title already discloses Reading Like A Writer is, â€Å"A Guide for People Who Love Books and for Those Who Want to Write Them. In the first chapter, Prose already addresses the central hypothesis of the book - to be become a good writer, you must be a good readerRead MoreLiterary Devices in Pride and Prejudice8198 Words   |  33 PagesBishkek Humanities University named after K. Karasaev The Faculty of European Civilizations The English Language Department â€Å"Peculiarities of the Lexical Stylistic devices (Metaphor, metonymy, irony, simile, epithet) in the novel â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† by Jane Austen† DIPLOMA PAPER Scientific Supervisor: E. B. Jumakeeva Done by: Satarova Rahat, group: A08-2 Contents: Pages: Introduction

A Short Story - 1072 Words

Smelling stale and musty, a thin layer of dust covered every shelf and the books that it held. Snow rested on the window sills letting a small amount of light in, while above fluorescent lights flickered on occasions. Down a little way there was a light humming letting indicating that one was potential going to go. Tell me why again we are in this book store. Swiping a finger on the edge of the shelf disgustingly a small layer coated her finger. Placing the book onto the shelf, he tried not to disturb the large amount of dust. That seemed to have accumulated over time. Well if you didnt go and use your book, as a coaster then you didnt have to come here. â€Å"Hey, it’s not my fault. If they are not supposed to be a coaster, then they†¦show more content†¦Everything she does made her mad, she once got detention for sneezing in class, ‘interrupting’ her class and the fellow students. Pinching the bridge of his nose, Caleb decided one more aisle. Passing around the corner the sun caught something in his eye. Following the flash, it was unsurprising a book. Removing it from the shelf he tried not to disturb the dust that encrusted the others. Resting it in his hand, hardly any dust was on the surface while a gold belt buckle held it firmly shut. Tilting it slightly the spine had gold runes engraved into the white leather. There was a small film of dust that was on it. That as he moved it around to get a better look, blew directly into his mouth. Instantly, his mouth dried up like a raisin causing him to go into a coughing fit. Peaking around the corner, due to strange noises, she found Caleb hacking like a cat with a hair ball. Pressing her lips together she tried to stifle her laughter. Though the sheer sight was making her control deteriorate rapidly. Before long she was buckling over, her arms wrapped around her chest and tears brimming. Around the corner Mikael stuck out his head telling them to play nice, but he too started to chuckle at Caleb. Finally, with saliva moistening his mouth, his hacking fit subsided. He is glancing toward Haley to see her whipping away a few tears from her eyes. Not funny, not funny at all, glaring at them due to their lack of sympathy.Show MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Statistics and Math

Question: Discuss about the Statistics and Math. Answer: Introduction An appropriate height and weight is essential in order to have an appropriate BMI. Age is also an important factor that affects the weight of a person. Both male and female wants to have a perfect weight in according to their height and age. They go to gym for this purpose and they do regular exercises outside the gym. It is seen that some of the customers have different viewpoint regarding the equipments of gym. In this assignment, an idea would be given about the various measures of statistics. These measures of statistics would be explained in this assignment and they would be used in the data of the gym which includes height, weight, BMI, age, and the responses regarding the visit to the gym. Graphs and charts would be provided in this assignment in order to give a clear idea about the various measures of statistics in context of these data. Summary and Explanation of Descriptive Statistics Discrete and Continuous Variable The values of the variable that are obtained by counting is called discrete random variable. When the random variable takes any value in the range of two specific values, the variable is called continuous variable. A variable that can take infinitely many uncountable values is called continuous random variable (Vogt and Barta 2013). The discrete variables in this research are Do you do regular exercise outside of the gym and Is it important to have a high variety of equipment. The continuous variables in this research height and weight. Descriptive Statistics Mean and median had been used in order to study the data set. The mean and median was calculated for the two continuous variables; height and weight. Mean is defined as the average of the values of the variables in the data set. It is calculated by dividing the sum of all the values of the variable by the number of values of the variable (Kock 2013). There are three types of means that are used in statistics. They are arithmetic mean, geometric mean and harmonic mean. Generally, arithmetic mean is used in the descriptive statistics. The height and weight of 100 samples would undergo arithmetic mean as they are continuous variables and it would provide the average height and weight of the staples in the survey. The mean of the continuous random variable was found to be 170.55 units while the mean of another continuous random variable, weight, was found to be 76.36 units. Median is defined as the middle value of the data set when the data are arranged in either ascending or descending order. Median is the second quartile of the data set and it separates the higher value of the data set from the lower values (Vogt and Barta 2013). Median is superior to mean in the viewpoint that median is not much skewed and it is not much affected by higher or lower values. The median of the variable height was found to be 170 units while the median of the variable weight was found to be 77 units. Figure 1: scatter plot of the values of height (Source: created by author) Figure 2: scatter plot of the values of weight (Source: created by author) The two measures of variations that are standard deviation and range. Standard deviation is defined as the deviation of the values of a variable from the mean of the variable in the data set (Allen 2013). A lower value of standard deviation indicates that the values of the variable lies closer to the mean while higher value indicates that the values of the variable are widely spread (Statistics 2013). The standard deviation of the variable, height was found to be 12.81. It shows that the values of heights of the chosen sample are moderately spread over the data set. The standard deviation of the variable, weight was found to be 15.22. This shows that the values are moderately spread over the data set. Another measure of variation is range. It indicates the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the variable. This provides the idea about the highest and lowest values of the variables. The range of variable, height was found to be 49 while the range of the variable weight was found to be 63 (Lake 2013). This shows that the highest and lowest value of height in the data set is 194 units and 145 units respectively, while the highest and lowest value of weight was found to be 109 units and 46 units respectively. Random Variable and its Probability Distribution On considering discrete random variables, Do you do regular exercise outside of the gym and Is it important to have a high variety of equipment, the proportion of samples who do not do regular exercise outside the gym was found to be 0.54 and the mean of the variable (np) was found to be 54 while the variance (npq) was found to be 24.84 (Hong 2013). The proportion of the sample who said that it is not important to have a high variety of equipment was 0.3, mean (np) was found to be 0.30 while the variance (npq) was found to be 21. It shows that both the discrete variables are highly deviated from the mean value of the variable. "Height and weight are the two continuous variables that are considered for the research. Both the continuous variables are found to follow normal distribution. A distribution is said to be a normal distribution when the mean, median and mode of the continuous variable almost coincide with each other. Under the central limit theorem, it is seen that the averages of the random variables which are independently drawn, converge to normal distribution. Normal distribution is generally used in sampling distribution due to central limit theorem. It is seen that the mean, median and mode of the continuous variables, height and weight almost coincide with each other. The skewness of both the variables is nearly equal to zero and the kurtosis has a slightly negative value. Thus, height and weight is considered to follow normal distribution. Hypothesis Test Hypothesis test was performed between two continuous random variables, height and weight at 95% level of significance. The hypothesis test was conducted to check whether height is independent of weight or not. Two tailed t-test was conducted at 5% level of significance for this purpose (Kruschke 2013). The null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis framed for this test is as follows: H0: height and weight are independent of each other H1: height and weight are dependent of each other On performing two tailed t-test at 5% level of significance, the p value of the test was found to be 6.6459E-110 (de Winter 2013). This value is found to be less than 0.05 and it shows that the hypothesis test is significant. The null hypothesis is rejected in this case and it can be interpreted that the height and weight are dependent on each other. Regression Snalysis Regression analysis was performed considering BMI as the dependent variable and height and weight as the independent variables. The correlation coefficient between the dependent variable and independent variables was found to be 0.98579 (Draper and Smith 2014). This shows that the dependency of the dependent variable on the independent variables is high. The independent variables influence BMI to a larger extent. The regression equation found in the case is as follows: BMI = 51.37692 0.30174 * height + 0.342475 * weight The regression equation shows that with the change in one unit of height, the BMI would change by 0.30174 units while with change in one unit of weight, the change in BMI would influence by 0.342475 (Montgomery et al. 2015). On absence of the values of height and weight, it is seen that the BMI of the chosen sample would be 51.37692. Figure 3: line fit plot of height (Source: created by author) The line fit plot is plotted with BMI on y-axis and height on x-axis. It is seen that the actual and predicted values of the variable height lies near to each other (Kleinbaum et al. 2013). This shows that the model is a good fit model and the regression model can be used for further extrapolation or interpolation. Figure 4: line fit plot of weight (Source: created by author) The line fit plot is plotted with BMI on y-axis and weight on x-axis. It is seen that the actual and predicted values of the variable weight lies near to each other. This shows that the model is a good fit model and the regression model can be used for further extrapolation or interpolation. Conclusion On analyzing the given data, it can be concluded that height and weight are the two continuous variables considered in the assignment. The two discrete variables in the assignment are Do you do regular exercise outside of the gym and Is it important to have a high variety of equipment. The average value of height and weight was found to be 170.55 units and 76.36 units respectively. The median value of height and weight was found to be 170 units and 77 units respectively. The standard deviation of height and weight was found to be 12.81 units and 15.22 units respectively while the range was found to be 49 units and 63 units respectively. The probability distribution of the discrete random variables was found to be binomial distribution. Hypothesis test was conducted between the two variables height and weight. The result of the hypothesis test was found that the height and weight are dependent on each other. Regression analysis was performed considering BMI as the dependent variable a nd height and weight as the independence variables. The regression equation was found to be BMI = 51.37692 0.30174 * height + 0.342475 * weight. It was also seen that there exists a strong correlation between the dependent variable and independent variables. Recommendation It is recommended that the gym instructors must influence the customers to do regular exercise both in gym and outside gym. It would help them to stay fit and healthy. It is also recommended that the customers must be given an idea about the ideal BMI and they should be instructed and influenced to exercise accordingly. Thus, the customers in gym would have a perfect BMI and they would stay fit after exercising. References Allen, D., 2013. Measures of Central Tendency. de Winter, J.C., 2013. Using the Students t-test with extremely small sample sizes.Practical Assessment, Research Evaluation,18(10), pp.1-12. Draper, N.R. and Smith, H., 2014.Applied regression analysis. John Wiley Sons. Hong, Y., 2013. On computing the distribution function for the Poisson binomial distribution.Computational Statistics Data Analysis,59, pp.41-51. Kleinbaum, D.G., Kupper, L.L., Nizam, A. and Rosenberg, E.S., 2013.Applied regression analysis and other multivariable methods. Nelson Education. Kock, N., 2013. Using WarpPLS in E-Collaboration Studies: Descriptive Statistics, Settings.Interdisciplinary Applications of Electronic Collaboration Approaches and Technologies,62. Kruschke, J.K., 2013. Bayesian estimation supersedes the t test.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,142(2), p.573. Lake, L., 2013. Basic Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Central Tendency. Montgomery, D.C., Peck, E.A. and Vining, G.G., 2015.Introduction to linear regression analysis. John Wiley Sons. Statistics, A.E.R.D., 2013. Measures of Central Tendency. Vogt, A. and Barta, J., 2013.The making of tests for index numbers: Mathematical methods of descriptive statistics. Springer Science Business Media.

Emotional Conflict of Puritan Belief Anne Bradstreet Essay Example

Emotional Conflict of Puritan Belief Anne Bradstreet Paper Emotional Conflict of Puritan Belief Anne Bradstreet was a puritan wife and mother. However, her passion for literary creation was forced, moreover, to operate within the restraints and inhibitions of Puritanism. There is a conflict between Puritan theology and her own personal feelings on life reflected in many of her poems in which reveal her eternal conflict regarding her emotions and the beliefs of her religion. Puritan marriage normally was repressed so as not to distract their life from their devotion to God. In that time, women normally passed away before men. It was very common for men in that time to remarry rather quickly after the death of his wife to make sure the family is taken care of. However, Anne expressed the bond of love that binds humanity within the divine in her poems. â€Å"To My Dear and Loving Husband† conveys Anne Bradstreet’s strong love for her husband: â€Å"I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold†. The same poem also expresses her idea of everlasting love between their selves after life on earth which is normally not of typical Puritan belief: â€Å"That when we love no more, we may live ever†. We will write a custom essay sample on Emotional Conflict of Puritan Belief Anne Bradstreet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Emotional Conflict of Puritan Belief Anne Bradstreet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Emotional Conflict of Puritan Belief Anne Bradstreet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And again, â€Å"A letter To Her Husband† communicates her strong love, passion, and unity with her husband: â€Å"If two be one, as surely though and I†. The quotes from her poems represented how much she did love and care for her husband in which was rather strong feelings for a Puritan relationship. Puritan’s also believed that God preordained those whom go to Heaven and that all mankind is stained by Adam and Eve’s sin. They believed everything was an act of providence. However, in â€Å"Upon The Burning of Our House† Anne expressed a genuine comfort of after life: A price so vast as is unknown Yet by His gift is made thine own; There’s wealth enough, I need no more, Farewell, my pelf, farewell my store, The world no longer let me love, My hope and treasure lies above. Anne Bradstreet also contradicts the belief of her puritan religion that all â€Å"little vipers† went to hell. Anne expressed in her poetry strong faith that her grandchildren went to heaven. â€Å"Sith thou art settled in an everlasting state† from her poem â€Å"In Memory Of My Dear Grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet† and †Go pretty babe, go rest with sister twain† from â€Å"On My Dear Grandchild Simon Bradstreet† reflect her belief that her grandchildren went to a peaceful place to rest referring to heaven. Puritans believed that women were to take care of their husband and children. They were not believed to be able to write and needed to be attending to their household chores. Anne Bradstreet commonly brought her frustration towards the way women were treated in her poetry particularly â€Å"The Prologue†. It becomes apparent in Anne’s poetry that she is bothered by cultural bias in her time: I am obnoxious to each carping tongue Who says my hand a needle better fits; A poet’s pen al scorn I should thus wrong For such despite they cast on female wits. If what I do prove well, it won’t advance; They’ll say it’s stol’n, or else it was by chance. She proclaims that no matter what men are always going to preside over women and achieve nobler acts just because they are of the dominant sex. She says that it is useless to fight it because â€Å"men can do best and women know it well. She is almost mocking men by saying that they think that they can do everything better then women and that they always make sure that women are aware of their mightiness. It is often seen in her poetry the emotional frustration that Anne feels in the way women are treated and looked upon. Anne Bradstreet’s emotional conflict with Puritan belief in regards to strong and everlasting love for her husband, certainty that her grandchildren went to heaven, and her frustration towards the way women were treated were all expressed with dignity in her poetry. Anne Bradstreets passion for literary creation was forced, moreover, to operate within the

Karl Popper and Falsification

Karl Popper and Falsification Free Online Research Papers Sir Karl Popper, challenging the status quo, inspiring generations to ponder on the meaning of science, the methods to find truth, is one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. Of particular importance to scientific methods of inquiry is the brawl between the development of theory and the criteria for science. In Popper’s own words, it is in this brawl that Popper decided to â€Å"grapple with the problem: When should a theory be ranked as scientific? or Is there a criterion for the scientific character or status of a theory?† (Popper 1957), p. 1. Born just after the turn of the century in 1902 (my Great Aunt was 4 at the time), in London, England, Popper began grappling with the brawl between â€Å"when is theory scientific† and â€Å"what is the criteria for the scientific character of theory† in the fall of 1919 (p. #). The thing that troubled Popper most he stated is â€Å"When is theory true?† (Popper 1957), p. 1-2). Born from the thing that was troubling Popper most originated his philosophy of Science as Falsification. First, it may be dangerous to proceed any further in this discussion without bringing into light perspectives about the time when Popper toiled on the naissance of falsification. In 1919, when Popper began to labor about potential for truth in theory, social turbulence was epidemic in Europe. The period between 1914 and 1989 can be viewed as a â€Å"protracted European Civil war† (Williams 2005). World War I (WWI) is well underway while communism extends beyond German idealists and the Russian Comintern into Hungary and Italy. Greek forces occupy Turkey’s Aegean coast for territorial ambitions. Over 20 million people are dying of a flu epidemic sweeping across China, Europe, and into the Americas. Social principles shift in the United States with laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol and granting women the right to vote. Social disturbance, disorder is the standard, not the exception of the time when Popper inaugurates a quest to find ‘truth’ in scientific explainadum. Other philosophers of the time endeavor to understand and explain social phenomena during the early 20th century. Max Weber, Karl Marx, Freidrech Engles, Thorstein Ve blen, and George Simmel excavate from all the political revolutions, the social disorder(s) of this period and emerge with capacious explanadum for a multitude of facets addressing social theory. â€Å"Philosophers were accused- rightly, I believe- of philosophizing without knowledge of fact, and their philosophies were described as mere fancies, even imbecile fancies’†(Popper 1952)p. 127). It is with the back drop then a discussion may proceed that recognizes the angst Popper toiled under to emerge with a simply elegant position that science is falsification. What then is falsification? In an attempt to define science from pseudo-science, Popper states that the growth of scientific knowledge begins with an imaginative proposal of hypotheses† (date, p. #). Then, the scientist must search for illustrations or situations that falsify or negate the hypothesis. This search for illustrations or situations that negate the hypothesis is falsification. Pseudo-science is science that does not meet scientific standards (of the period) but does conduct experiments. But what of pseudo-science? When is science the truth? What explains the difference between science and pseudo-science? Popper explains by providing an example. Traditionally, a discipline that conducts pseudo-scientific experiments is astrology. By amassing observations, astrologists produce horoscopes or biographies (Popper 1957). To distinguish science from pseudo-science, the investigator, at this point in the 20th century, could turn to the method and parse out true science from pseudo-science. The use of empirical methods and inductive explanations is the root cause for Popper’s revolt upon the metaphysical reasoning used to explain social behavior (at this time). It is not that astrology is a pseudo-science; astrology is merely a residue of the subject of the investigation (Popper 1952). Disciplines are means of administratively distinguishing the unified systems from which problems may be taught. It is far more important to understanding falsification that â€Å"We are not students of a subject matter but students of problems† (Popper 1952)p. 125). Traditionally, scientists formed hypotheses to explain or rationalize some natural phoneme that they have observed. Popper intends that a hypothesis must predict a phenomenon or behavior and not just offer to explain it. â€Å"I believe that there is not a classic of science, or of mathematics, or indeed a book worth reading that could not be shown, by a skillful application of the technique of language analysis, to be full of meaningless pseudo-propositions† (Popper 1952), p. 130). Popper is positive that each hypothesis has a possible contradiction. This â€Å"sensitiveness to problems† to the extent of having a â€Å"consuming passion for them† fortifies Popper’s revolt against merely accepting plausible and rationalized results of observations. For falsification to take place, the scientist must identify situations that falsify or negate the hypothesis. Finally, after rigorous attempts have been made to find the hypothesis untrue, the scientist may tentatively accept the hypothesis as true. However, if the hypothesis is found untrue, the scientist must reject the hypothesis. Therefore, Popper has set forth not only a definition of a scientific theory, but also an environment wherein scientists may work. Popper intends that a hypothesis must predict a phenomenon or behavior and not just offer to explain it. Therefore, a few statements may be made to expand and sequence the understanding of falsification. These ordered statements are that 1) for scientific discovery to take place, a clear problem statement must be designed, 2) attempts to find this hypothesis untrue must be conducted, 3) when the investigation cannot find the hypothesis untrue at that point then finally 4) the discovery is made regarding prediction of the ori ginal problem. Popper makes it clear that theory cannot be completely explanatory and all inclusive (Klemke et al. 1998). The key characteristic of a theory is falsification in itself. If the possibility for negating the theory does not exist, then the hypothesis is not scientific. When the theory is falsified, the scientific community learns from the experience and knowledge becomes a cumulative contribution among philosophers. Popper provides a service to the scientific community by spawning a means to parse science from pseudo-science more clearly. Popper’s theses in philosophy to include a tenet of falsification caused a tectonic shift in scientific investigation. Responses of rejection from other philosophers poured in regarding Popper’s assertions for the need to falsify. Imre Lakatos, for example, is harsh on Popper. Criticisms include: Lakatos argues that falsifiable already refers to how science is practiced. Lakatos interprets Popper as demanding scientists to specify in advance a crucial experiment (or observation) which can falsify it, and it is pseudoscientific if one refuses to specify such a ‘potential’ falsifier† (Lakatos 1963). â€Å"If so, Popper does not demarcate scientific statements from pseudoscientific ones, but rather scientific method from non-scientific method (Lakatos, p. 1). Lakatos goes onto claim that Popper fails to provide the scientific community with a means for â€Å"rational criticism of consistent conventions† (Lakatos 1963). For Aiken, Popper does not address three different questions: 1)whether historical data can be trusted as evidence for social laws, 2) whether there are verifiable laws of ‘development’†¦for the basis..to predict future events, and 3) whether there can be what may be called laws of ‘unrestrictive scope’ in terms of which all social processes may be explained. (Aiken 1947), p. 147)Clearly from this spurn of remarks from Lakatos, Aiken and others upon Popper’s falsification theses has caused a scientific revolution under the principles set forth by Thomas Kuhn (Kuhn 1996). References Aiken, Henry David (1947), Review: [Untitled], The Journal of Philosophy, 44 (17), 459-73. Klemke, E.D., R. Hollinger, D. Rudge, A. (Eds) Klein, and A. (David) Klein (1998), Introductory Readings in the Philosophy of Science: Prometheus Books. Kuhn, Thomas S. (1996), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press. Lakatos, I. (1963), Proofs and Refutations (2, 3, 4), The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 14 (54), 120-39. Popper, K. R. (1952), The Nature of Philosophical Problems and Their Roots in Science, The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 3 (10), 124-56. Popper, Karl (1957), Science as Falsification, ed. Cambridge University Peterhouse, London: Mayfield Publishing Company. Williams, Hywel (2005), Cassells Chronology of World History, in Cassells Chronology of World History, London: Weidenfeld Nicolson, 767. Research Papers on Karl Popper and FalsificationThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeResearch Process Part OneCapital PunishmentEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males